What is gum inflammation?
Gum inflammation is one of the most common oral problems among adults, and is often underestimated. In Portugal, epidemiological studies indicate that more than half of the population experiences some degree of gum inflammation over their lifetime, resulting from ineffective oral hygiene habits, hormonal changes, lifestyle, or even genetic predisposition.
Inflamed gums, also known as gingivitis, typically occur as a response of the body to the accumulation of bacterial plaque. Although common, this condition deserves attention, because when ignored, it can progress to periodontitis, a more serious disease that affects the bone and supporting tissues of the teeth, and represents one of the main causes of premature tooth loss.
How to identify healthy gums vs. inflamed gums
Healthy gums generally present a “pale-pink” color and a firm texture. When inflammation occurs, these tissues become more sensitive, red, and bleed easily, especially during brushing. This is a warning sign that should not be ignored. Bleeding while brushing is not an indicator of excessive force during brushing, but rather the first symptom of inflammation.
Main causes of inflamed gums
The main causes include the build-up of bacterial plaque, which turns into tartar when not properly removed. Plaque contains bacteria that release toxins, irritating the gums.
Factors such as hormonal changes, including pregnancy and adolescence, can intensify this inflammatory response. Certain medications, such as some antihypertensives, can also contribute to gum inflammation, as can smoking.
It is important to note that gingivitis can manifest differently in smokers, presenting less bleeding despite greater inflammation. This happens because tobacco reduces blood flow, camouflaging visible symptoms and making it difficult to perceive the problem.
Some systemic diseases, such as diabetes, directly influence gum health. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes are more likely to develop gum inflammation due to reduced healing capacity.
Most common symptoms
Gum inflammation has typical signs that help to identify it early:
Redness
Sensitivity
Persistent bad breath
Bleeding during brushing
Interestingly, gum inflammation rarely causes severe pain, which can lead to it being overlooked. However, despite its simple appearance, it is associated with complex biological mechanisms. The inflammatory response is actually an attempt by the immune system to control bacterial proliferation. Scientific studies indicate that about 30% of the population has a greater genetic predisposition to develop periodontal problems, even when maintaining good oral hygiene habits.
When to see a dental hygienist or dentist?
The answer is simple: at the slightest sign of inflamed gums.
Clinical evaluation allows the degree of inflammation to be identified and the appropriate treatment started. A dental hygienist can perform a professional scale and polish and guide the patient on the most appropriate oral hygiene techniques. If the inflammation is more advanced, a deeper approach, such as periodontal treatment, may be necessary. Ignoring the symptoms increases the risk of progression to periodontitis, the most serious consequence of which is tooth loss.
How to prevent gum inflammation
Prevention remains the best strategy. Brushing your teeth twice a day, using dental floss or another method of interdental cleaning, and making regular visits to the Hygienist/Dentist drastically reduces the risk of gum inflammation. Clinical evidence shows that good oral hygiene reduces the presence of pathogenic bacteria responsible for inflammation.
