Periodontitis
Chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacteria that destroys the gums and the bone supporting the teeth, potentially leading to their loss if left untreated.
What is Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the gums, the alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament. It usually develops from untreated gingivitis, when plaque and tartar accumulate in the areas between the teeth and the gums. This process triggers inflammation that, if not controlled, can lead to progressive destruction of the supporting tissues.
Main Causes
The development of periodontitis is generally associated with a combination of factors, among which:
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking
Diabetes
Autoimmune diseases
Hormonal Changes
Possible Symptoms
Some of the most common symptoms include:
Red, Swollen or Bleeding Gums
One of the first signs of periodontitis is the inflammation of the gums, which presents itself through redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing or the use of dental floss. These symptoms indicate that the gum tissue contains the presence of bacteria and toxins.
Gum Recession
As the disease progresses, it is common for gum recession to occur, gradually exposing the roots of the teeth. In addition to compromising the aesthetics of the smile, this condition increases the vulnerability of the teeth to dental sensitivity and other issues.
Increased Dental Sensitivity
The exposure of dental roots due to gum recession can cause discomfort when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods and beverages, impacting the patient's quality of life.
Bad Breath
Chronic halitosis is another common symptom of periodontitis. It occurs due to the accumulation of bacteria in the oral cavity and the degradation of inflamed tissues.
Presence of Periodontal Pockets
Periodontal pockets are spaces formed between the teeth and gums due to the destruction of the supporting tissue. These pockets accumulate food residues and bacteria, exacerbating inflammation.
Pain or Discomfort when Chewing
Inflammation and loss of support can cause discomfort or pain during chewing, making eating difficult.
Dental Mobility
In the advanced stages of periodontitis, the weakening of the bone and gum support can lead to tooth mobility, misalignment, or even tooth loss.
If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to undergo a dental assessment. Even in the absence of intense pain, regular follow-up is essential to prevent complications.
The treatment for periodontitis varies according to the severity of the disease, but the main objective is to control the infection, preserve the health of the supporting structures of the teeth, and prevent future complications. The main approaches include:
