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Jaw or Orofacial Pain

Localized pain or discomfort in the orofacial and/or cranio-cervical region.

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What is Jaw Pain or Orofacial Pain?

Jaw pain, or orofacial pain, is common and can affect the mouth, face, joints, chewing muscles, or the cranio-cervical region. The diagnosis begins with identifying its origin, with temporomandibular dysfunction being the most common cause.

Other conditions, such as sinusitis, infections, neurological changes, or cervical spine issues, can also be associated. Due to the variety of symptoms, a correct diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and pain relief.

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Main Causes

The development of orofacial pain may be associated with a combination of factors, among which:

Dental infections or gum infections

Disfunctions of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Bruxism

Reduction of saliva production

Rheumatic diseases

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Possible Symptoms

The symptoms associated with orofacial pain can vary depending on the underlying cause. Some of the most common symptoms include:

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1 Sensitivity or Pain in the Jaw

Discomfort or pain when chewing, speaking, swallowing, or opening the mouth. There may also be episodes of pain at rest and without stimulation or use of the TMJ.

2 Difficulty in Opening or Closing the Mouth

Feeling that the jaw is locked or stiff, making normal mouth movements difficult.

3 Headache

Headaches of various types that may be associated with temporomandibular dysfunction, migraines, etc.

4 Earache or Tinnitus

Discomfort in the ear area or a ringing sensation, often related to temporomandibular dysfunction.

5 Clicks or Crackling when Moving the Jaw

Sounds of clicking, popping or creaking when opening or closing the mouth, indicating a possible temporomandibular disorder.

6 Facial Swelling

Swelling or edema in the area of the jaw or around the TMJ.

7 Dental Wear

Excessive dental wear associated or not with dental pain and pain in the TMJ area and chewing muscles.

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If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to undergo a dental assessment. Even in the absence of intense pain, regular follow-up is essential to prevent complications.

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Available Treatments

The treatment of orofacial pain always depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. Thus, diagnosis is fundamental. Here are some commonly recommended treatment options:

Dental Medicine Intervention

If the orofacial pain is of dental origin, the underlying pathology may be dental caries (with or without pulp involvement), periodontal disease, dental structure loss, and consequent dental sensitivity due to wear, trauma, gum recession, or acid erosion, etc.

Dental Medicine Intervention

Use of Oral Devices

If the orofacial pain is a result of a temporomandibular dysfunction, muscle relaxant splints can be used to reduce dental wear, promote muscle relaxation, and decrease tension/pressure within the joint.

Use of Oral Devices

Pharmacological Treatment

Aiming for the relief of pain and/or inflammation, analgesics and NSAIDs may be first-line medications. Depending on the diagnosis, muscle relaxants, anxiolytics, antidepressants, and other medications acting at the level of the central nervous system may also be used.

Pharmacological Treatment

Surgery

In severe cases of TMJ dysfunction, where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical options may be considered, ranging from minimally invasive procedures to more complex surgical interventions.

Surgery

Behavioural Therapy

Stress management techniques, such as biofeedback or cognitive-behavioural therapy, can be helpful for patients whose Orofacial pain is related to stress or anxiety. Learning to manage stress can reduce muscle tension and, consequently, pain in the jaw and face.

Behavioural Therapy

Complementary Therapies

Physiotherapy should be considered in the treatment and management of pain in a significant number of cases. Whenever muscular and articular structures are involved, both at the level of the temporomandibular joint and the cervical spine, physiotherapy proves to be an important tool in resolving the patient's clinical picture.

Complementary Therapies

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Agreements and Partnerships

MALO CLINIC has agreements and partnerships that make it easier to access treatment, under specific conditions defined by each entity. You can also choose payment facilities depending on the type of treatment.

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Agreements and Partnerships

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Agreements and Partnerships

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Frequently Asked Questions

1

What causes orofacial pain?

Orofacial pain can be caused by dental and/or gum diseases/infections, jaw joint dysfunctions, bruxism, rheumatic diseases, trauma, viral infections, alterations at the central nervous system level, among other factors. A correct diagnosis is essential to treat the underlying cause.

2

How can I relieve jaw pain at home?

If the source of the pain is a temporomandibular dysfunction, applying hot or cold compresses to the affected area, avoiding hard foods, practicing relaxation exercises, and using over-the-counter pain relievers can help to temporarily relieve the pain. However, it is important to seek professional help for appropriate treatment.

3

When should I see a dentist for jaw pain?

If the pain in the jaw is persistent, severe or accompanied by other symptoms such as difficulty opening the mouth, ear pain, or clicking in the TMJ, it is important to see a dentist with experience in orofacial pain.

4

Can bruxism cause jaw pain?

Yes, bruxism, which is the act of grinding or clenching the teeth, can cause tension in the chewing muscles and pain in the TMJ. The use of oral devices, such as myorelaxant splints, can help prevent bruxism and relieve pain.

5

Can jaw pain be related to stress?

Yes, stress can lead to increased muscle tension and bruxism, both related to jaw pain. Stress management techniques can be useful in alleviating symptoms.

6

What are the treatments for TMJ dysfunction?

Treatments include medication, physiotherapy, oral devices, behavioral therapies, and in severe cases, surgery. The appropriate treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's symptoms.

7

Can children have pain in their jaws?

Yes, children can also experience jaw pain due to dental issues, trauma, or habits such as bruxism. It is important to monitor the symptoms and seek professional help if necessary.

8

What can I do to prevent orofacial pain?

Maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding habits such as frequently chewing gum, managing stress, and using oral devices recommended by the dentist to prevent bruxism can help prevent pain in this area of the jaw and face. Regular visits to the dentist are also essential to detect and treat problems early.

1

What causes orofacial pain?

2

How can I relieve jaw pain at home?

3

When should I see a dentist for jaw pain?

4

Can bruxism cause jaw pain?

5

Can jaw pain be related to stress?

Yes, stress can lead to increased muscle tension and bruxism, both related to jaw pain. Stress management techniques can be useful in alleviating symptoms.

6

What are the treatments for TMJ dysfunction?

7

Can children have pain in their jaws?

Yes, children can also experience jaw pain due to dental issues, trauma, or habits such as bruxism. It is important to monitor the symptoms and seek professional help if necessary.